Pengertian meteoroid2/18/2023 ![]() High regeneration efficiency of this system with the application of original aggregate for the optimal mineralization of the soil substrate (with its synchronous loosing has been shown on the example of dominating pine forest types in the subzone for- forest-steppe of the Western Siberia. The methods of clear cuts with the seeding from surrounding forest, seed curtains and sufficiently extent of the substrate preparation for the pine selfsown have been selected and elaborated as a main organization principle of the system « felling-regeneration» in the plains pine forests of the forest zone. These approaches in forest stand regeneration together with silvicultural and control measures are assumed to gradually decrease the amount of salvage felling over long term perspective.įelling-system and regeneration of pine forests on ecological-genetic-geographical basisįull Text Available A conception of the adaptation of Scots pine populations to the natural regeneration on open sites with the mosaic retained stand and mineralized soil surface on the basis of the ecological-genetic-geographical investigations in the forests of the Russia and the theory of petropsammofitness-pyrofitness (Sannikov S. At the damaged localities new forests were prevailingly established with regard to suitable ecological conditions for trees, climate change scenarios and if possible, natural regeneration has been preferred. As Norway spruce grows mostly in mountains, these regions of Central and Northern Slovakia were most affected. m3 of wood (81.2% of total volume of salvage felling. Norway spruce (Picea abies was the most frequently damaged tree species that represented the amount of 35.6 mil. they were the most important pest agents. Wind and European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus damaged 78.4% of salvage wood, i.e. m3 of wood, which was 53.2% of the total felling. Within the 10 years period (2004–2013 salvage felling in Slovakia reached 42.31 mil. The paper focuses on the occurrence of the most relevant harmful agents and volume of salvage felling in the Slovak forests over the last decade. The systematic evidence of forest harmful agents and volume of salvage felling in Slovakia started at the Forest Research Institute in Zvolen in 1960. Most of the European Union countries monitor forest harmful agents, which account for salvage felling, in order to see trends or functionality between factors and to be able to predict their development. Salvage felling in the Slovak forests in the period 2004–2013ĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Salvage felling is one of the indicators of the forest health quality and stability. The review concludes by discussing avenues for future research. Key aspects to consider in the discussion on how to design monitoring institutions of forest regulations is how to involve actors without the incentive to engage in bribery and how to make use of new technologies that may publicize illegal behavior in distant localities. It then discusses the implications for conservation, focusing first on international protection schemes such as the REDD+ and second on efforts to reduce illegality and bribery in forest management. ![]() ![]() ![]() Both theory and available empirical findings provide a straightforward suggestion: Bribery is indeed a "door opener" for illegal activities to take place in forest management. After discussing the theoretical connections between different types of corruption and illegal forest-related activities it describes the major trends in previous studies, examining cross-national patterns as well as local in-depth studies. This review synthesizes the literature studying illegality and government corruption in forest management. Understanding illegality and corruption in forest governance.
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